GOLONGAN DEWASA DI MALAYSIA MENGHIDAP ASMA ANTARA LIMA HINGGA ENAM PERATUS MANAKALA 10 PERATUS KANAK-KANAK, NAMUN ANGKA ITU SEMAKIN MENINGKAT SEJAK BEBERAPA TAHUN LALU, BERKEMUNGKINAN DISEBABKAN PERSEKITARAN DAN MAKANAN.

GEJALA ASMA

– Batuk (pada waktu malam atau cuaca sejuk)

– Susah bernafas

– Nafas berbunyi

– Dada berasa ketat dan tegang

CEGAH SERANGAN ASMA

– Peka penyebab utama asma

– Pastikan kediaman bebas habuk, bulu haiwan dan hama

– Jauhi perokok

– Ambil ubat pencegah sekerap mungkin

– Kerap bersenam untuk meningkatkan fungsi jantung dan paru-paru

KATEGORI RAWATAN

– Ubatan kawalan asma jangka panjang

Cara rawatan:

– Pam sedutan Corticosteroid

– Pengubah leukotriene (molekul pencegah keradangan)

– Beta agonis (LABAs) yang bertindak untuk jangka panjang

– Teofilin (ubat dalam terapi rawatan pernafasan)

– Gabungan antara pam sedut yang mengandungi kedua-dua Cortisteroid dan LABA

UBATAN YANG MEMBERI KELEGAAN CEPAT (UBATAN MENGELAK GEJALA BERTAMBAH BURUK)

– Beta agonis yang bertindak dalam jangka pendek seperti albuterol

– Ipratropium (Atrovent)

– Oral dan Cortisteroid menerusi intravena (untuk serangan lelah serius)

UBATAN UNTUK ALAHAN DISEBABKAN ASMA

Ia diambil secara kerap atau bila diperlukan untuk mengurangkan tahap sensitif tubuh terhadap sebatian penyebab alahan (alergen)

CARA RAWATAN:

– Suntikan alahan (imunoterapi)

– Omalizumab (Xolair)

PESAKIT ASMA YANG BERHASRAT TERBABIT DALAM AKTIVITI AKTIF SEPERTI LARIAN PERLU MENELITI BEBERAPA PERKARA ANTARANYA:

1. Memastikan asma anda terkawal. Sekiranya pesakit sering mendapat serangan, pergilah berjumpa doktor. Dapatkan rawatan dan mulakan rawatan pencegahan.

Pam pencegahan perlu diambil tanpa culas, janji temu juga perlu dipenuhi. Lama-kelamaan doktor boleh mengurangkan kekerapan rawatan dan dos ubat mengikut tahap asma.

2. Kenal pasti apa yang menyebabkan serangan asma. Adakah cuaca sejuk? Debunga? Alahan? Selesema?

Kalau cuaca sejuk di luar, buatlah aktiviti di dalam rumah atau kenakan pakaian yang boleh memanaskan badan. Kalau alahan pastikan anda mengelak dengan sumber penyakit itu.

3. Mulakan dengan perlahan dan tingkatkan kelajuan. Kalau baru mula berlari, mulakan dengan berjalan sebelum tingkatkan kelajuan secara beransur-ansur.

Tetapi bagi pesakit sudah biasa berlari, jangan terus memecut. Sebaliknya mula perlahan-lahan, kemudian naikkan kelajuan mengikut rentak larian.

4. Sesetengah orang dapat serangan asma apabila berlari dalam jangka masa lama. Sekiranya anda begitu, gunakan strategi ‘jalan-lari-jalan’. Lari untuk beberapa minit, kemudian jalan untuk beberapa minit dan lari kembali.
5. Pentingnya sesi memanaskan dan menyejukkan badan. Sebelum melakukan aktiviti pastikan panaskan badan terlebih dulu.

Kalau pam pelegaan warna biru membantu, boleh ambil sebelum bermula aktiviti.

6. Sentiasa bawa pam pelegaan/pam biru/mdi salbutamol setiap kali berlari. Beritahu rakan mengenai penyakit asma dan di mana anda menyimpan pam berkenaan.

Setiap kali mendaftar untuk larian, pastikan anda memaklumkan kepada penganjur untuk langkah berjaga-jaga.

7. Berhenti lakukan aktiviti sebaik menyedari tanda-tanda ini: Batuk-batuk, lelah, tidak mampu bercakap atau dada berasa ketat. Cepat ambil pam pelegaan sebelum simptom menjadi lebih buruk.

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Kajian terbaru menunjukkan tidur nyenyak dan mencukupi pada waktu malam penting untuk kecergasan fizikal dan mental tetapi kini masalah tidur tidak cukup semakin meningkat.

Seorang daripada setiap lima orang berasa letih luar biasa dan seorang daripada 10 mengalami keletihan berpanjangan.

Universiti Warwick menunjukkan mereka yang tidur kurang 6 jam berisiko 48 peratus menghidap atau meninggal dunia akibat sakit jantung dan 15 peratus risiko menghidap atau mati akibat serangan angin ahmar.

Amalan tidur lewat dan awal pagi sebenarnya umpama bom jangka kepada kesihatan. Bagi lelaki berusia lebih 65 tahun yang kurang tidur nyenyak berisiko tinggi mendapat tekanan darah tinggi.

Kurang tidur menyebabkan tekanan pada tubuh, memaksa jantung berdegup lebih pantas. Manakala, tidur lebih dari 9 jam pula akan menyebabkan penyakit kardiovaskular.

Sumber Internet

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Rejim kecergasan tidak lengkap kala amalan pemakanan dan pengambilan nutrisi seimbang tidak diamalkan. Memberi impak lebih berkesan ke atas latihan kecergasan yang dilakukan setiap hari, pembinaan otot nyata memerlukan jadual nutrisi yang lengkap untuk menghasilkan otot yang punya dimensi dan kekal lama.

Ikan Salmon

Meski punya kandungan protein seperti pelbagai jenis ikan yang lain, ikan salmon nyata paling banyak mengandungi kandungan protein yang mampu memberi zat secukupnya kepada pembinaan otot. 4 ons salmon mentah mengandungi 23 gram protein, 207 kalori selain 0 gram karbohidrat, 12 gram lemak dan 0 gram serat. Kandungan lemak yang didapati di dalam ikan salmon sekurang-kurangnya memberikan impak kesihatan pada tubuh badan.

Telur

Sempurna dalam memberikan sumber tenaga kala mengharungi latihan olahraga dan kecergasan. Setiap sajian mengandungi asid amino untuk memberi kesan pengembangan dan memelihara otot anda. Selain itu juga, telur merupakan sumber vitamin yang tinggi serta punya nutrisi penting untuk penyembuhan dan pertumbuhan semula tisu yang luka dan tercedera akibat latihan bebanan yang dilakukan.

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Dada ayam

Makanan rutin buat sesiapa sahaja, dada ayam nyata menjadi kegemaran. Dada ayam mengandungi sumber protein yang sangat tinggi dan juga punya kandungan lemak yang rendah berbanding dengan bahagian ayam yang lain. Pengambilan dada ayam dalam jadual diet setiap hari nyata mampu memberikan kelebihan buat otot saat kekal membentuk.

Keju bebas lemak

Hadir sebagai sajian sihat kerana punya kandungan nutrisi asas iaitu protein yang sangat penting untuk membina tenaga. Latihan kecergasan yang dilakukan nyata memerlukan sejumlah tenaga yang banyak untuk mengerah segala bahagian tubuh dan otot untuk membentuk. Oleh yang demikian, pengambilan susu rendah lemak di dalam diet adalah jalan yang terbaik untuk mencipta otot yang menawan. Setengah cawan keju halus mengandungi 80 kalori dan 16 gram protein yang mampu mengekstrak menjadi sejumlah tenaga dalam tubuh.

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Kekacang

Amalkan pengambilan pelbagai jenis kekacang seperti badam, kismis, kurma dan sebagainya ke dalam satu nutrisi diet agar mencipta kelainan dalam pemakanan seharian. Sejumlah kekacang mempunyai tenaga untuk mengecaj kembali tenaga yang habis digunakan untuk aktiviti latihan kecergasan selain ianya mempunyai khasiat yang tersendiri.

Susu rendah lemak

Sajian utama pada waktu pagi dan malam jika ingin mendapatkan bentuk otot yang diidamkan. Susu rendah lemak mempunyai sejumlah protein lambat hadam serta membekalkan asid amino dalam jangka masa yang panjang.

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